Philosophical and educational reflections of ancient Greek peripatetics.

Part 2. Theophrastus of Eresus

Abstract

The article presents, for the first time, an academic translation of selected fragments from Theophrastus’ works from classical languages into Ukrainian, accompanied by a comprehensive analysis of his philosophical and educational views. Through the translation and philosophical-philological examination of Greek and Latin sources, the author demonstrates the depth of Theophrastus’ reflections on the nature of education, its moral and social significance, and the ethical responsibility of the individual in choosing a life path. Central to the study is the concept of paideia as a civilizational factor that enables a person to overcome innate ignorance and wildness, thereby cultivating the capacity for social coexistence, moral reflection, and harmonious being. Particular attention is devoted to Theophrastus’ critique of superficial display unbacked by inner virtue, and to his condemnation of careless attitudes toward life choices, which he views as leading to personal degradation. The analyzed maxims and aphorisms highlight the formative power of modesty, the importance of self-respect, and the necessity of sustained effort in attaining reason and virtue. This approach allows the author to introduce the modern reader to the context of ancient Greek ethical thought, in which education is regarded not merely as a vehicle for knowledge transmission, but as the foundation of moral development—an idea that remains relevant in today’s world. It is demonstrated that Theophrastus views indifference to learning and moral self-improvement as a serious ethical failing that not only leads to individual decline but also undermines the social fabric of communal life. The article also substantiates that Theophrastus’ concept of education involves a close interconnection between the external and the internal – beauty without virtue loses its value, while genuine moral growth is achievable only through self-respect, modesty, and persistent learning. These insights affirm the enduring relevance of Theophrastus’ philosophical and educational ideas within contemporary pedagogical and ethical discourse.