The Problem of an Observer in the Up-to-date Science and Pedagogy

Abstract

Post-classic science is characterizd by two general tendencies: 1) interdisciplinary, 2) formation of integral disciplines, problems and approaches. The author dwells on such common problem for post-classic science as an Observer, his role, status and importance both for natural sciences and humanities (for example, ethnology and pedagogy). Two conclusions are based on the analysis of the problem of an Observer in natural sciences (for example, physics and synergetic) and in social sciences (for example, ethnology and pedagogic): 1) Observer’s indestructibility from the structure of post-classic scientific theory, and 2) the necessity of transcendental subjectivity in post-classic science from physics to pedagogy. This does not necessarily lead to the loss of objectivity of scientific knowledge, although complicates the procedures of its achievement. It also confirms the processes of the  humanitarization of modern science.