From humanism to neohumanism, posthumanism and transhumanism: pedagogical reading

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2024-30-1-5

Keywords:

humanism, neohumanism, posthumanism, transhumanism, human, child, technologies, education, upbringing

Abstract

The article is dedicated to highlighting the concepts of humanism, neohumanism, posthumanism, transhumanism, their reading through the prism of pedagogical science and practice. The text is based on analysis of Ukrainian, French, and Polish sources, as well as own considerations. It has been found that the classical interpretation of humanism during the last decades has been subject to revision by various researchers due to the growing contradictions between the social, economic, and spiritual needs of society and the consideration of humanism with its anthropocentric attitude towards man as the measure of all things. It was found that they led to an expanded and modified understanding of it, which was called neohumanism (new humanism). The article describes the researchers’ interpretation of neohumanism, which is based on moral and ethical ideas and ideals that relate to philosophical, ecological, pedagogical and other aspects of human life. It was noted that because of the sharp growth of new technologies, two concepts critical to humanism/ neohumanism emerged – posthumanism and transhumanism. The text reveals the concept of posthumanism, which, according to the researchers, considers man in unity, merging with machines, technological devices, that is, human and non-human. The main characteristics of post-humanist trends are provided, which testify to the gradual disappearance of man as an active and self-sufficient effective person. It is noted that, accordingly, transhumanism, as a radicalized branch of posthumanism, is focused on the use of technologies with the aim of creating a physically and mentally perfect person (Homo Perfectus), when the difference between man and machine is erased. It is shown how these processes affect the modern education system, which absorbs new technologies at an accelerated pace, replacing its traditional tools for teaching reading, writing, arithmetic, aimed at the formation of «long» memory, with technological devices. The article also raises the issue of neo-humanism, which is biocentric in nature, and in the pedagogical aspect manifests itself as a humane attitude towards nature, living beings, primarily animals. Such a trend becomes especially relevant in the context of ecocide caused by Russia’s military actions against Ukraine. A conclusion was made about the need to get acquainted with these processes, taking them into account for the development of the modern domestic educational space.

Author Biography

Olga Sukhomlynska, V. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine

Doctor of Sciences in Education, Professor, Academician of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Senior Researcher of the Department of Pedagogical Source Studies and Biographistics

References

Bell, D. (1996). The advent of post-industrial society. [In Ukrainian]. Liakh, V. (ed.). Modern foreign social philosophy. Reader, pp. 194–250. Kyiv: Lybid.

Centre national de ressources textuelles et lexicales. (2019). Humanisme. Dictionnaire de l’Académie française. https://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/academie9/Humanisme

Dancak, P. (2017). Homo Perfectus versus Education: Philosophical Reflection on Transhumanism and Education. Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana, 20(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.12775/SPI.2017.1.003

Foucault, M. (1966). Les Mots et les Choses. Paris: Gallimard.

Hayles, K. (2013). How we became posthuman. Virtual bodies in cybernetics, literature and informatics. Trans. from English by Ye. Marichev. Kyiv: Nika Center. [In Ukrainian].

Kiryk, T. (2016). The modern movement from humanism to neo-humanism. [In Ukrainian]. Religion and Society 1–2 (21–2). 28–34.

Koval, O. (2024). What was the hacker attack on «Kyivstar» and how did the company recover. [In Ukrainian]. Community of programmers. 19.03.2024. https://dou.ua/ lenta/news/kyivstar-cyber-attack-restoration/

Lipowicz, M. (2017). Beyond Humanity – Beyond Education? Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana, 20(1), 143–148. https://doi.org/10.12775/13347

Maraieva, U., Dolishniak, V. (2022). Perspectives of humanism through the prism of postmodern culture. [In Ukrainian]. Actual problems of philosophy and sociology 34. 13–18. https://doi.org/10.32837/apfs.v0i34.1069

Mari, G. (2017). Posthumanisme: a Danger, Opportunity and Challenge. Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana, 20(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.12775/SPI.2017.1.005

Martyniuk, Yu. (2016). Transhumanism and posthumanism: an ethical projection. [In Ukrainian]. Materials of the All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conference «Anthropic Principle in the Context of Current Problems of the Philosophy of Science» (December 15–16, 2016, Lviv). Lviv: Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, pp. 155–161.

Shynkaruk, V., & Khamitov, N. (2002). Humanism. Philosophical Encyclopedic dictionary. (P. 134). Kyiv: Abrys.

Struk, O. (2023). PISA-2022. Ukrainian students showed the lowest results in reading, the highest in natural sciences. [In Ukrainian]. Livyi bereh. 5.12.2023. https://lb.ua/ society/2023/12/05/587551_pisa2022_naynizhchi_rezultati.html

Sukhomlynska, O. (2016). How to Grow up in Ukraine and the World: Common Tendencies and Challenges. [In Ukrainian]. Highland School of Ukrainian Carpaty, 15, 5–8.

Sumy State University. (2013). Materials of reports and speeches of the International Scientific and Theoretical Conference «Humanism. Transhumanism. Posthumanism» (April 19–20, 2013, Sumy). Sumy: SumDU.

Vyrskyi, D. (2013). Eva Domanska with her female (male) friends about the extrahuman/ archhuman. [In Ukrainian]. Eidos. Almanac on Theory and History of Historical Science, 7, 382–387.

Yakubina, V. (2008). Communication and technological nature of human in the concept of information society by Manuel Castells. [In Ukrainian]. Culture of the peoples of the Black Sea region 130. 51–53.

Zass, H.-M. (2016). Protestant Traditions of Bioethics Bases: p. 1 / trans. from German by H. Hubenko. [In Ukrainian]. Philosophy of Education, 19(2), 221–230. https://doi. org/10.31874/2309-1606-2016-19-2-221-230

Zhurba, K., Shkolna, I. (2021). Humanism. [In Ukrainian]. Encyclopedia of education. 2 ed. (Pp. 185–186). Kyiv: Yurinkom Inter.

Downloads

Abstract views: 66

Published

2024-11-18

How to Cite

Sukhomlynska, O. (2024). From humanism to neohumanism, posthumanism and transhumanism: pedagogical reading. Filosofiya Osvity. Philosophy of Education, 30(1), 75–89. https://doi.org/10.31874/2309-1606-2024-30-1-5

Issue

Section

Articles

Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.